Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its superior performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have led significant improvements in process efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These developments includ

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for a extensive range of applications in pharmaceutical industries. These reactors employ hollow fibers as the main component to facilitate mass transfer between stages. The special design of hollow fiber membranes allows high interface exposure per unit volume, leading to enhanced effi

PVDF membrane bioreactors have become a significant technology for wastewater purification. These units offer several benefits, including robust removal rates of chemical pollutants, reduced sludge generation, and optimized water quality. Furthermore, PVDF membranes are known for their stability, making them appropriate for long-term functioning. T